High-Yield Summary Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by limb shortening, joint contracturesand distinctive “hitchhiker” thumbs, requiring multidisciplinary management with a focus on staged orthopedic interventions. Surgical indications hinge on functional impairment, progressive deformityand respiratory compromise; timing balances growth potential against deformity severity. Corrective osteotomies, soft tissue releasesand spinal stabilization […]
High-Yield Summary The Evans and Mosca procedures are lateral column lengthening osteotomies designed to correct flexible pediatric flatfoot by restoring the medial longitudinal arch and realigning the hindfoot. Evans osteotomy involves an oblique calcaneal neck cut with insertion of a bone graft to lengthen the lateral column, primarily addressing forefoot abduction. Mosca modification adds a […]
High-Yield Summary Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) is a non-progressive congenital condition characterized by multiple joint contractures present at birth, primarily affecting the limbs with variable severity and functional impact. Surgical management focuses on improving function and positioning rather than achieving full range of motion, with timing and technique tailored to the subtype and individual patient […]
High-Yield Summary Pediatric ACL tears require careful assessment of skeletal maturity to guide timing and technique of reconstruction, balancing growth plate preservation with knee stability restoration. Non-operative management is reserved for partial tears or low-demand patients; early surgical reconstruction is favored to prevent secondary meniscal and chondral injury. Physeal-sparing and transphyseal techniques are selected based […]
### High-Yield Summary – Madelung deformity is a rare, congenital wrist malformation characterized by premature growth arrest of the volar-ulnar distal radial physis, leading to wrist pain, deformityand functional impairment. – Surgical intervention is indicated primarily for symptomatic patients with progressive deformity, painor functional limitation refractory to conservative management. – Corrective osteotomies targeting the distal […]
High-Yield Summary The Goutallier classification grades fatty infiltration of periarticular muscles, primarily the hip abductors, influencing prognosis and surgical planning in pediatric hip disorders with muscle compromise. The Tonnis classification assesses radiographic hip osteoarthritis severity, guiding timing and extent of intervention in pediatric hip dysplasia and sequelae. Accurate interpretation of both systems requires understanding pediatric […]
High-Yield Summary Tibial eminence fractures are avulsion injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion, predominantly affecting children aged 8-14 due to incompletely ossified tibial spines. Classification by Meyers and McKeever (modified by Zaricznyj) guides management: nondisplaced (Type I) fractures are treated non-operatively; displaced (Types II-IV) often require surgical fixation. Early anatomic reduction and stable […]
High-Yield Summary Pediatric trigger finger is a rare flexor tendon entrapment distinct from adult trigger digit, often involving the A1 pulley or aberrant tendon anatomy, requiring precise diagnosis to avoid overtreatment. Key anatomy includes the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tendons, A1 pulleyand pulley system integrity; anomalies often coexist with syndromic or congenital hand differences. […]
High-Yield Summary Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the pediatric knee primarily affects the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle, with juvenile lesions having superior healing potential compared to adult forms due to open physes and better vascularity. Stable, intact lesions without loose bodies and with open physes are managed non-operatively with activity modification and serial […]
High-Yield Summary Mirzels and Catterall classifications stratify Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) by extent of femoral head involvement and fragmentation, guiding prognosis and treatment. Catterall classification focuses on the degree of epiphyseal necrosis and fragmentation on radiographs, critical for timing surgical intervention. Mirzels classification refines staging by incorporating MRI findings, improving early detection of femoral head ischemia. […]
Last Updated on January 25, 2026 by Christian Veillette
